Compare South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (2008) - Cape Verde (2001)

Compare South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (2008) z Cape Verde (2001)

	South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (2008)	Cape Verde (2001)

Administrative divisions	-	14 districts (concelhos, singular - concelho); Boa Vista, Brava, Fogo, Maio, Paul, Praia, Porto Novo, Ribeira Grande, Sal, Santa Catarina, Santa Cruz, Sao Nicolau, Sao Vicente, Tarrafal; note - there may be a new administrative structure of 16 districts (Boa Vista, Brava, Maio, Mosteiros, Paul, Praia, Porto Novo, Ribeira Grande, Sal, Santa Catarina, Santa Cruz, Sao Domingos, Sao Nicolau, Sao Filipe, Sao Vicente, Tarrafal)
Age structure	-	0-14 years: 42.79% (male 87,458; female 85,895) 15-64 years: 50.76% (male 97,812; female 107,834) 65 years and over: 6.45% (male 10,204; female 15,960) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products	-	bananas, corn, beans, sweet potatoes, sugarcane, coffee, peanuts; fish
Airports	-	8 (2000)
Airports - with paved runways	-	total: 8 over 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 7 (2000)
Area	total: 3,903 sq km land: 3,903 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Shag Rocks, Black Rock, Clerke Rocks, South Georgia Island, Bird Island, and the South Sandwich Islands, which consist of 11 islands	total: 4,033 sq km land: 4,033 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly larger than Rhode Island	slightly larger than Rhode Island
Background	The islands, which have large bird and seal populations, lie approximately 1,000 km east of the Falkland Islands and have been under British administration since 1908 - except for a brief period in 1982 when Argentina occupied them. Grytviken, on South Georgia, was a 19th and early 20th century whaling station. Famed explorer Ernest SHACKLETON stopped there in 1914 en route to his ill-fated attempt to cross Antarctica on foot. He returned some 20 months later with a few companions in a small boat and arranged a successful rescue for the rest of his crew, stranded off the Antarctic Peninsula. He died in 1922 on a subsequent expedition and is buried in Grytviken. Today, the station houses scientists from the British Antarctic Survey. Recognizing the importance of preserving the marine stocks in adjacent waters, the UK, in 1993, extended the exclusive fishing zone from 12 nm to 200 nm around each island.	The uninhabited islands were discovered and colonized by the Portuguese in the 15th century; they subsequently became a trading center for African slaves. Most Cape Verdeans descend from both groups. Independence was achieved in 1975.
Birth rate	-	28.71 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget	-	revenues: $188 million expenditures: $228 million, including capital expenditures of $116 million (1996)
Capital	-	Praia
Climate	variable, with mostly westerly winds throughout the year interspersed with periods of calm; nearly all precipitation falls as snow	temperate; warm, dry summer; precipitation meager and very erratic
Coastline	NA km	965 km
Constitution	-	new constitution came into force 25 September 1992; underwent a major revision on 23 November 1995, substantially increasing the powers of the president
Country name	conventional long form: South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands conventional short form: none abbreviation: SGSSI	conventional long form: Republic of Cape Verde conventional short form: Cape Verde local long form: Republica de Cabo Verde local short form: Cabo Verde
Currency	-	Cape Verdean escudo (CVE)
Death rate	-	7.19 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external	-	$260 million (2000)
Dependency status	overseas territory of the UK, also claimed by Argentina; administered from the Falkland Islands by a commissioner, who is concurrently governor of the Falkland Islands, representing Queen ELIZABETH II	-
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (overseas territory of the UK, also claimed by Argentina)	chief of mission: Ambassador Michael D. METELITS embassy: Rua Abilio Macedo 81, Praia mailing address: C. P. 201, Praia telephone: [238] 61 56 16 FAX: [238] 61 13 55
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (overseas territory of the UK, also claimed by Argentina)	chief of mission: Ambassador Ferdinand Amilcar Spencer LOPES chancery: 3415 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007 telephone: [1] (202) 965-6820 FAX: [1] (202) 965-1207 consulate(s) general: Boston
Disputes - international	Argentina, which claims the islands in its constitution and briefly occupied them by force in 1982, agreed in 1995 to no longer seek settlement by force	none
Economic aid - recipient	-	$111.3 million (1995)
Economy - overview	Some fishing takes place in adjacent waters. There is a potential source of income from harvesting finfish and krill. The islands receive income from postage stamps produced in the UK, sale of fishing licenses, and harbor and landing fees from tourist vessels. Tourism from specialized cruise ships is increasing rapidly.	Cape Verde's low per capita GDP reflects a poor natural resource base, including serious water shortages exacerbated by cycles of long-term drought. The economy is service-oriented, with commerce, transport, and public services accounting for almost 70% of GDP. Although nearly 70% of the population lives in rural areas, the share of agriculture in GDP in 1998 was only 13%, of which fishing accounts for 1.5%. About 90% of food must be imported. The fishing potential, mostly lobster and tuna, is not fully exploited. Cape Verde annually runs a high trade deficit, financed by foreign aid and remittances from emigrants; remittances constitute a supplement to GDP of more than 20%. Economic reforms, launched by the new democratic government in 1991, are aimed at developing the private sector and attracting foreign investment to diversify the economy. Prospects for 2001 depend heavily on the maintenance of aid flows, remittances, and the momentum of the government's development program.
Electricity - consumption	-	37.2 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports	-	0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports	-	0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production	-	40 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source	-	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1999)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Paget (South Georgia) 2,934 m	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mt. Fogo 2,829 m (a volcano on Fogo Island)
Environment - current issues	NA	overgrazing of livestock and improper land use such as the cultivation of crops on steep slopes has led to soil erosion; demand for wood used as fuel has resulted in deforestation; desertification; environmental damage has threatened several species of birds and reptiles; overfishing
Environment - international agreements	-	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	-	Creole (mulatto) 71%, African 28%, European 1%
Exchange rates	-	Cape Verdean escudos per US dollar - 123.080 (December 2000), 115.877 (2000), 102.700 (1999), 98.158 (1998), 93.177 (1997), 82.591 (1996)
Executive branch	-	chief of state: President Pedro PIRES (since 22 March 2001) head of government: Prime Minister Jose Maria Pereira NEVES (since 1 February 1991) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister from among the members of the National Assembly elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 11 and 25 February 2001 (next to be held NA February 2006); prime minister nominated by the National Assembly and appointed by the president election results: Pedro PIRES elected president; percent of vote - Pedro PIRES (PAICV) 49.43%, Carlos VIEGA (MPD) 49.42%; note: the election was won by only twelve votes
Exports	-	$40 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Exports - commodities	-	fuel, shoes, garments, fish, bananas, hides
Exports - partners	-	Portugal, UK, Germany, Spain, France, Malaysia
Fiscal year	-	calendar year
Flag description	blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands coat of arms centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms features a shield with a golden lion centered; the shield is supported by a fur seal on the left and a penguin on the right; a reindeer appears above the shield, and below it on a scroll is the motto LEO TERRAM PROPRIAM PROTEGAT (Let the Lion Protect its Own Land)	three horizontal bands of light blue (top, double width), white (with a horizontal red stripe in the middle third), and light blue; a circle of 10 yellow five-pointed stars is centered on the hoist end of the red stripe and extends into the upper and lower blue bands
GDP	-	purchasing power parity - $670 million (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	-	agriculture: 13% industry: 19% services: 68% (1998)
GDP - per capita	-	purchasing power parity - $1,700 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	-	6% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates	54 30 S, 37 00 W	16 00 N, 24 00 W
Geography - note	the north coast of South Georgia has several large bays, which provide good anchorage; reindeer, introduced early in the 20th century, live on South Georgia	strategic location 500 km from west coast of Africa near major north-south sea routes; important communications station; important sea and air refueling site
Highways	-	total: 1,100 km paved: 858 km unpaved: 242 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	-	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs	-	used as a transshipment point for illicit drugs moving from Latin America and Africa destined for Western Europe
Imports	-	$250 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Imports - commodities	-	foodstuffs, industrial products, transport equipment, fuels
Imports - partners	-	Portugal, Netherlands, France, UK, Spain, US
Independence	-	5 July 1975 (from Portugal)
Industrial production growth rate	-	NA%
Industries	-	food and beverages, fish processing, shoes and garments, salt mining, ship repair
Infant mortality rate	-	53.22 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	-	4% (2000)
International organization participation	-	ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNTAET, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO (observer)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	-	1 (2000)
Irrigated land	0 sq km	1,500 to 2,000 hectares (1999)
Judicial branch	-	Supreme Tribunal of Justice or Supremo Tribunal de Justia
Labor force	-	NA
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (largely covered by permanent ice and snow with some sparse vegetation consisting of grass, moss, and lichen) (2005)	arable land: 11% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 6% forests and woodland: 0% other: 83% (1993 est.)
Languages	-	Portuguese, Crioulo (a blend of Portuguese and West African words)
Legal system	the laws of the UK, where applicable, apply; the senior magistrate from the Falkland Islands presides over the Magistrates Court	derived from the legal system of Portugal
Legislative branch	-	unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (72 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 14 January 2001 (next to be held NA December 2005) election results: percent of vote by party - PAICV 47.3%, MPD 39.8%, ADM 6%, other 6.9%; seats by party - PAICV 40, MPD 30, ADM 2
Life expectancy at birth	-	total population: 69.21 years male: 65.93 years female: 72.6 years (2001 est.)
Literacy	-	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 71.6% male: 81.4% female: 63.8% (1995 est.)
Location	Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of the tip of South America	Western Africa, group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Senegal
Map references	Antarctic Region	World
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm	measured from claimed archipelagic baselines contiguous zone: 24 NM exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	-	total: 5 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 9,523 GRT/11,798 DWT ships by type: cargo 4, chemical tanker 1 (2000 est.)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of the UK	-
Military branches	-	Army, Coast Guard/Marines
Military expenditures - dollar figure	-	$4 million (FY96)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	-	1.8% (FY96)
Military manpower - availability	-	males age 15-49: 89,543 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	-	males age 15-49: 50,615 (2001 est.)
National holiday	-	Independence Day, 5 July (1975)
Nationality	-	noun: Cape Verdean(s) adjective: Cape Verdean
Natural hazards	the South Sandwich Islands have prevailing weather conditions that generally make them difficult to approach by ship; they are also subject to active volcanism	prolonged droughts; harmattan wind can obscure visibility; volcanically and seismically active
Natural resources	fish	salt, basalt rock, pozzuolana (a siliceous volcanic ash used to produce hydraulic cement), limestone, kaolin, fish
Net migration rate	-	-12.37 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Political parties and leaders	-	African Party for Independence of Cape Verde or PAICV [Jose Maria NEVES, chairman]; Democratic Alliance for Change or ADM [Dr. Eurico MONTEIRO] (a coalition of PCD, PTS, and UCID); Democratic Renovation Party or PRD [Jacinto SANTOS, president]; Movement for Democracy or MPD [Antonio Gualberto do ROSARIO, president]; Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Dr. Eurico MONTEIRO, president]; Party of Work and Solidarity or PTS [Dr. Oresimo SILVEIRA, president]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Joao ALEM, president]; Union for an Independent Democratic Cape Verde or UCID [Antonio MONTEIRO, president]
Political pressure groups and leaders	-	NA
Population	no indigenous inhabitants note: the small military garrison on South Georgia withdrew in March 2001 replaced by a permanent group of scientists of the British Antarctic Survey, which also has a biological station on Bird Island; the South Sandwich Islands are uninhabited	405,163 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line	-	NA%
Population growth rate	-	0.92% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors	-	Mindelo, Praia, Tarrafal
Radio broadcast stations	0 (2003)	AM 0, FM 11 (and 14 repeaters), shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios	-	73,000 (1997)
Railways	-	0 km
Religions	-	Roman Catholic (infused with indigenous beliefs); Protestant (mostly Church of the Nazarene)
Sex ratio	-	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.64 male(s)/female total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage	-	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: coastal radiotelephone station at Grytviken	general assessment: effective system, being improved domestic: interisland microwave radio relay system with both analog and digital exchanges; work is in progress on a submarine fiber-optic cable system which was scheduled for completion in 1998 international: 2 coaxial submarine cables; HF radiotelephone to Senegal and Guinea-Bissau; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	-	45,644 (2000)
Telephones - mobile cellular	-	19,729 (1997)
Television broadcast stations	0 (2003)	1 (1997)
Terrain	most of the islands, rising steeply from the sea, are rugged and mountainous; South Georgia is largely barren and has steep, glacier-covered mountains; the South Sandwich Islands are of volcanic origin with some active volcanoes	steep, rugged, rocky, volcanic
Total fertility rate	-	4.05 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate	-	24% (1999 est.)
Waterways	-	none

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